蒸汽鍋爐隱患分析及預(yù)防

時(shí)間：2017-03-24作者：河南省四通鍋爐有限公司瀏覽：509

蒸汽鍋爐隱患分析及預(yù)防
鍋爐結(jié)構(gòu)不合理造成某些部位強(qiáng)度不夠、水循環(huán)不良、存在熱偏差或爐體不能自由膨脹等；鍋爐材質(zhì)不符合質(zhì)量要求；制造工藝不當(dāng)，受壓部件存在內(nèi)應(yīng)力；排污口安裝高，泥渣無(wú)法排盡；鍋爐兩端無(wú)膨脹滑動(dòng)支點(diǎn)，管道膨脹受阻；安全閥設(shè)計(jì)不合理，調(diào)試不符合要求；水位表安裝位置不合理；壓力表不準(zhǔn)或連接管未按要求安裝；防爆門過(guò)重或卸壓面積不足；排煙溫度設(shè)計(jì)不合理等。
鍋爐運(yùn)行管理不善造成鍋爐缺水或滿水；水質(zhì)管理不善引起鍋爐結(jié)垢；除氧不善使金屬受熱面產(chǎn)生腐蝕；排污不及時(shí)造成爐水堿度過(guò)高；調(diào)節(jié)不及時(shí)造成鍋爐霧化不良、燃燒不完全、火焰不穩(wěn)定或偏斜；燃燒器本身故障或燃燒系統(tǒng)故障造成鍋爐熄火等。
鍋爐管理制度不健全，缺乏鍋爐房安全運(yùn)行管理的9項(xiàng)制度7項(xiàng)紀(jì)錄；鍋爐受壓部件及安全附件等缺乏定期檢驗(yàn)、檢修；操作人員無(wú)證操作或操作證未按時(shí)審驗(yàn)；操作人員技術(shù)素質(zhì)低，缺乏常見(jiàn)事故隱患判斷能力；設(shè)備的維護(hù)、保養(yǎng)、檢修不及時(shí)、不到位等。
鍋爐受壓元件的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算，應(yīng)按《鍋殼式鍋爐受壓元件強(qiáng)度計(jì)算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》和JB2197-77《水管鍋爐受壓元件強(qiáng)度計(jì)算》進(jìn)行；鍋爐結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)符合規(guī)程的有關(guān)規(guī)定，如運(yùn)行時(shí)各部分應(yīng)能自由膨脹，水循環(huán)應(yīng)安全可靠，非受熱面的元件應(yīng)有足夠的冷卻或可靠的絕熱，鍋爐的安裝、檢修和清掃應(yīng)盡量方便等；設(shè)計(jì)人員應(yīng)對(duì)其設(shè)計(jì)的鍋爐安全性能負(fù)責(zé)，設(shè)計(jì)圖紙、技術(shù)文件上應(yīng)有完備的簽字，并完成審核備案手續(xù)。制造廠必須具備保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量所必要的技術(shù)力量、設(shè)備、檢驗(yàn)手段和管理制度；新試制的鍋爐產(chǎn)品，必須進(jìn)行技術(shù)鑒定，合格后方能正式生產(chǎn)投入市場(chǎng)；必須嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行原材料的驗(yàn)收制度、工藝管理制度和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)制度。只有經(jīng)?。ɑ蛳喈?dāng)市）級(jí)勞動(dòng)部門批準(zhǔn)的鍋爐安裝單位才能承擔(dān)安裝任務(wù)；安裝鍋爐的單位，應(yīng)按TJ231（六）《機(jī)械設(shè)備安裝工程施工及驗(yàn)收規(guī)范》*六冊(cè)的規(guī)定施工。
鍋爐使用單位應(yīng)向當(dāng)?shù)貏趧?dòng)部門辦理鍋爐設(shè)備使用登記手續(xù)；司爐人員應(yīng)持證上崗；應(yīng)健全以崗位責(zé)任制為主的各項(xiàng)規(guī)章制度，建立運(yùn)行管理獎(jiǎng)懲考核制度，嚴(yán)格監(jiān)督，獎(jiǎng)懲兌現(xiàn)；認(rèn)真落實(shí)好車間、班組、值班人員檢查制，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題及時(shí)處理；認(rèn)真做好鍋爐運(yùn)行、檢查、維修等各項(xiàng)紀(jì)錄；按要求做好停爐保養(yǎng)工作；認(rèn)真執(zhí)行《低壓鍋爐水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》，確保水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)；杜絕三違作業(yè)。鍋爐按規(guī)定定期進(jìn)行停爐檢驗(yàn)和水壓試驗(yàn)；經(jīng)常檢查鍋爐的三大安全附件（安全閥、壓力表和水位計(jì)）、轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)設(shè)備、配電保護(hù)設(shè)施等，做好記錄，確保靈敏可靠。
Boiler structure is not reasonable cause some bad parts strength is not enough, the water cycle, have heat deviation or furnace can not free expansion, etc. Boiler materials do not conform to the requirements of the quality; Manufacturing processes improper, pressure exists internal stress; Installation is high, the outlet of the sludge can't row; Inflation sliding protection on both ends of the boiler, stuck pipe expansion; The relief valve design is unreasonable, debugging is not in conformity with the requirements; Water gauge installation position is not reasonable; Pressure gauge is not allowed or connecting pipe not installed as required; Explosion door overweight or unloading area is insufficient; Exhaust temperature design unreasonable, etc.
Boiler mismanagement of the boiler water shortage or filled with water; Mismanagement of water quality caused by boiler scale; Oxygen is not good to make metallic heating-surface corrosion; Pollution caused by the furnace thermonatrite through high, not in time Regulation is not in time cause atomization, incomplete combustion of boiler, flame instability or deflection; The burner itself down fault or failure cause of boiler combustion system, etc.
The boiler management system is not sound, lack of the safe operation of the boiler house management system of 9 7 records; Boiler pressure parts and safety accessories such as a lack of regular inspection and maintenance; Operator unlicensed operation or operation certificate not submitted on time; Operating personnel technical quality is low, the lack of common accidents judgment; Equipment maintenance, maintenance, overhaul is not in a timely manner, does not reach the designated position, etc.
Strength calculation of boiler pressure parts, should press "pot shell boiler pressure parts strength calculation standard and JB2197-77" water boiler pressure parts strength calculation; Boiler structure shall comply with the relevant provisions of the regulations, such as the runtime parts should be free to expand, the water cycle should be safe and reliable, the heating element should have enough cooling or reliable adiabatic, boiler installation and maintenance and cleaning should be as easy as possible for etc. Designers should be responsible for the design of boiler safety performance, the signature of the design drawings and technical documents should be complete, and put on record formalities complete review. Manufacturers must be able to guarantee the quality of the products are the necessary technical strength, equipment, inspection means and management system; New trial production of boiler products, must carry out technical appraisal, qualified rear can officially production on the market; Must strictly implement the system of the acceptance of raw materials, process management system and product quality inspection system. Only by the provincial level (or equivalent city) approved by the department of labor boiler installation unit to bear the installation tasks; The installation of boiler unit, should press TJ231 (6) the construction and acceptance of mechanical equipment installation engineering construction sixth volume of regulations.
Shall be filed with the local labor department boiler unit using the boiler registration formalities; Stoker personnel should show certificates; Should sound is given priority to with post responsibility system's each rules and regulations, establish the operation management appraisal system of rewards and punishments strict supervision, rewards and punishments to cash; Earnestly implement good workshop, shift, operator on duty to check system, found that the problem handled in time; The boiler operation earnestly, inspection, maintenance records; According to the requirement to do a good job of boiler stop maintain; Conscientiously implement the low pressure boiler water quality standards, to ensure the water quality standards; Put an end to three violations. Boiler boiler inspection and hydrostatic test regularly according to regulations; Check the three security of the boiler accessories (safety valve, pressure gauge and water level gauge), rotating equipment, power distribution protection facilities, etc., make record, ensure that sensitive and reliable.
信息來(lái)源于

河南省四通鍋爐有限公司專注于1噸燃?xì)忮仩t價(jià)格,2噸燃油鍋爐,4噸*鍋爐,6噸生物質(zhì)鍋爐,0.3噸燃電鍋爐,0.5噸燃煤鍋爐等

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